過去完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)的含義

表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，它的參照物是一般過去時(shí)。

過去完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志

(1)特定的時(shí)間狀語

①by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

He had finished reading the book by 10 o’clock yesterday.

到昨天10點(diǎn)前，他已經(jīng)讀完了這本書。

②by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

We had learned a lot of English songs by the end of last term.

到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了很多英文歌曲。

③由by the time, before, when等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成完成時(shí)。

By the time I went outside, they had already left.

當(dāng)我出去時(shí)。他們已經(jīng)離開了。

The train had already left when I got to the station.

我到達(dá)車站時(shí)火車已經(jīng)離開了。

(2)具體的語境(看動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生在“過去的過去”)

①主句為一般過去時(shí)，且賓語從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。

She said that she had seen the film before.

她說她以前已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。

②上下文語境

I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.

我昨天在街上碰見吉姆了。自從他去北京后，我們就再?zèng)]見過面。

經(jīng)典例題

例1. When she got to the station, the bus_______ the station for ten minutes.

has left B. had left

had been away from D. left

答案：C

例2. The meeting _______ by the time I got there yesterday.

was on B. has been on

had begun D. has begun

答案：C

例3. By the end of last month, I ________ all the CDs of Zhou Bichang.

collect B. collected

have collected D. had collected

答案：D

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