新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開(kāi)始，中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考學(xué)科的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，主要是對(duì)初中三年各學(xué)科知識(shí)點(diǎn)的梳理和細(xì)化，幫助各位考生理清知識(shí)脈絡(luò)，熟悉答題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)！下面是《2018初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)小結(jié)》，僅供參考！
一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述
英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。現(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋spoken
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was／were＋spoken
一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will／shall be＋spoken
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／are being＋spoken
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being＋spoken
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／has been＋spoken
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
（1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的）
This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。
�。�2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。
This book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。
四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
（1）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
�。�2）把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過(guò)去分詞） （根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式）。
�。�3）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down by him.
五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
六、特殊情況
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
�。�1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
�。�2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
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